mouse monoclonal IgG2b; Ref-1 Antibody (C-4) is an IgG2b κ mouse monoclonal Ref-1 antibody (also designated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease 1 antibody, APE1 antibody, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) activity DNA repair enzyme antibody, AP endonuclease (APEN) antibody, or DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase antibody) that detects the Ref-1 protein of mouse, rat and human origin by WB, IP, IF and IHC(P). Ref-1 Antibody (C-4) is available as both the non-conjugated anti-Ref-1 antibody form, as well as multiple conjugated forms of anti-Ref-1 antibody, including agarose, HRP, PE, FITC and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. The role of transcription factors in the regulation of gene expression is well established. Although the activity of these factors can be regulated by phosphorylation, evidence has indicated regulation of DNA binding mediated by changes in reduction-oxidation (redox) status. Mutational analysis has identified a single conserved cysteine residue mapping within the DNA binding domains of Fos and Jun. Chemical oxidation or modification of this cysteine residue inhibits the DNA binding activity of Fos and Jun. A similar mode of regulation has been recently proposed for other nuclear transcription factors. Oxidation is reversible by these compounds or by a cellular redox/DNA repair protein identified originally as Ref-1 (redox factor 1). Ref-1 is identical to a previously characterized DNA repair enzyme designated HAP1, APE or APEX.